What would actually change the result
Two things, neither of which is a better model.
The first is a cheaper market. The same selections in small-field races rather than big handicaps would face a charge around a third of the size. That is not a hypothetical: it is the largest single number we have measured.
The second is a better price for the same selection. If a tipster's pick is available at a bigger price somewhere than the one it eventually starts at, the difference goes to the bettor rather than the book. That is the one area where we have seen a real signal in our own testing, set out in how some people make a living at this.
What would not change the result is a cleverer chatbot. We have five of them, from five different laboratories, and the spread between best and worst is a few percentage points inside a much larger loss. The variable that dominates is not which model you ask.
A word on all of this
None of these pages is a tip, and none describes a way to win. They describe what
betting costs, which is a different and more reliable subject. If your betting has
stopped being fun, BeGambleAware has free,
confidential help, and the National Gambling Helpline is on 0808 8020 133.